بررسی مفهوم مرگ در ادبیات کودک ایران تحلیل محتوای 9 کتاب داستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

هدف از مطالعه­ی حاضر بررسی مفهوم مرگ در سه جنبه­ی زیست­شناختی (بازگشت‌ناپذیری، اجتناب­ناپذیری، غیرعملکردی و علیت)، فرهنگی و عاطفی(ترس، ناراحتی، عصبانیت، اشتیاق، گناه، تکذیب، شک و سردرگمی) در ادبیات کودک بود. بدین منظور با جست­وجو در کتاب­خانه­های در دسترس پژوهشگر، نه (9) کتاب داستان که درون­مایه آن­ها به نوعی در پیوند با مرگ بود، انتخاب شد. سپس داستان­ها تحلیل محتوای کمی شدند و از ضریب همبستگی بین دو کدگزار برای محاسبه­ی ضریب پایایی استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که بین حضور ابعاد زیست­شناختی، فرهنگی و عاطفی در کتاب­ها تفاوت معنادار دیده می­شود. بدین صورت که تفاوت معنادار میان عامل زیست­شناختی و عاطفی به نفع عامل زیست­شناختی و نیز میان عامل فرهنگی و عاطفی به نفع عامل فرهنگی دیده می­شود. بین عامل فرهنگی و زیست‌شناختی تفاوت معنادار دیده نشد. نتایج توصیفی پژوهش نیز در پایان مرور و بررسی شده است.
 
واژه‌های کلیدی: ادبیات کودک، کتاب­های داستان، مفهوم مرگ.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Study of the Concept of Death in Children's Literature: An Analysis of Nine Story Books

چکیده [English]

 
Dr. F. Khoshbakht
Shiraz University
khoshbakht@shirazu.ac.ir
 
Abstract
Experts believe that the concept of death for children can be analyzed from three aspects of biological, emotional and cultural. The aim of this paper is to study the concept of death from biological (nonreturnable, unavoidable, nonfunctional and causal), cultural and emotional (fear, anger, distress, desire, sin, rejection, doubt and confusion)   in children's story books. Thus after searching nine books which had a theme related to death were chosen. In each book every sentence which had some connection to death was coded.  Interrated coefficient was used to calculate reliability.  The results showed that there is a significant difference between biological, emotional and cultural aspects of death in these books. In comparing biological and emotional factors there was a significant difference in the biological factor; and in comparing cultural and emotional factors there was a significance difference in the cultural factor. However, there was no significant difference between cultural and biological factors. It was concluded that in the biological aspect only nonreturnability and causality were mentioned in the books; none of the books mentioned anything about unavoidability and nonfunctionality of death. From the emotional aspect books had only mentioned fear, anger, distress and rejection but not, desire, sin, doubt or confusion.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords:  Children's Story Books
  •   Children's literature
  •   Concept of Death in Children

مراجع

Bosticco, C. and Thompson, T. (2005). The role of communication and story telling in the family grieving system. The journal of family communication, 5, 255-278.
Christian, L. G. (1997). Children and death. Young children, 52(4), 76-80.
Corr, C. A. (2004). Bereavement, grief and mourning in death related literature for children. Omega: The journal of death and dying, 48, 337-363.
Davis, G. L. (1986). A content analysis of fifty-seven children's books with death themes. Child study journal, 16, 39-54.
Evans, E. M., Poling, D. A. and Mull, M. S. (2001, April). Confronting the existential questions: Children’s understanding of death and origins. Poster session presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, MN.
Guy, T. (1993). Exploratory study of elementary-aged children’s conceptions of death through the use of story. Death studies, 17, 27–54.
James, K. (2009). Death, gender and sexuality in contemporary adolescent literature. New York: Routledge.
Johnson, J. (2004). Historical perspectives and comments on the current status of death related literature for children. Omega: The journal of death and dying, 48, 293-305.
Nagy, M. (1948). The child’s theory concerning death. Journal of genetic psychology, 73, 3–27.
Poling, D. A. and Hupp, J. (2008). A content analysis of children's death literature. The journal of genetic psychology.169 (2), 165-172.
Siegel, K. and Gorey, E. (1994). Childhood bereavement due to parental death from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Developmental and behavioral pediatrics, 15(3), 66-70.
Speece, M. W. and Brent, S. B. (1984). Children's understanding of death: A review of three components of a death concept. Child development, 55, 1671-1686.
Willis, C. A. (2002). The grieving process in children: strategies for Understanding, educating, and reconciling children’s perceptions of death. Early childhood education journal, 29 (4), 221-226.
Wolfelt, A. D. (1991). A child’s view of grief. Fort Collins, Co: Companion Press.
 

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 مهر 1391
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 مهر 1391

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار