Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Isfahan , Isfahan, Iran.

Abstract

Conceptual metaphor as a discourse in cognitive semantic studies was first introduced by Lakoff and Johnson. The directional conceptual metaphor, among all metaphors of that sort, tends to be the basis of many linguistic phrases. the famous contemporary fiction writer in Persian children’s literature, Susan Taqdis, has employed conceptual metaphors in her works to infuse many of her ideas. In this article, using a descriptive-analytical method, the directional conceptual metaphors will be closely studied in two of Taqdis's stories, “At the Deep Bottom of the Well” and “The Shadow which Had No Head, No Tail, And Even No Body”. The directional conceptual metaphors are first identified and then analyzed. The results show that Taqdis uses these metaphors in order to indirectly infuse to the reader the ancient binary opposition of virtue and vice which abound in Iranian mythology, culture and mystical literature. Through time, this opposition has been implanted in people’s thoughts, transfixed into their culture and reflected in their language, by means of conceptual metaphors. Susan Taqdis uses the method of polarization of conceptual metaphors in her stories, resulting in what might be called “double conceptual metaphors”.
 
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

The Holy Quran. (2012). Translated by Mehdi Elahi Qomsheyi. Tehran: Payam Adalat.
Afrashi, A. et al. (2012). Comparative Study of Directional Conceptual Metaphors in Spanish and Persian Languages. Quarterly Journal of Linguistic Essays, 12, 1-23. [in Persian]
Afrashi, A. et al. (2015). Conceptual metaphors in Persian language: Cognitive and Body-Oriented
analysis. Biannual Journal of Zabanshenakht, 2, 39-62. [in Persian]
Aminpour, G. (2007). Poetry and childhood. Tehran: Morvarid. [in Persian]
Bilsker, R. (2005). On Jung (H. Payandeh, Trans.). Tehran: Tarh Now. [in Persian]
Burn, L. et al. (2020). World of Myths 1. (A. Mokhber, Trans.). Tehran: Markaz. [in Persian]
Chandler, D. (2008) The basics semiotics. (M. Parsa, Trans.). Tehran: Pajuheshgah-e-Farhang Va Honar-e-Eslami. [in Persian]
Eliade, M. (1983). Aspects Du Mythe. (J. Sattari, Trans.). Tehran: Tus. [in Persian]
Ferdowsi, A. Q. (2009). Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. Corrected by Bertels. With an introduction by Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi. Tehran: Elmi. [in Persian]
Fromm, E. (1987) The heart of man: its genius for good and evil. (G. Khoshdel, Trans.). Tehran: Nashr-e-now. [in Persian]
Hashemi, Z. (2010). Conceptual metaphor theory from the point of view of Likoff and Johnson. Journal of Adab Studies, 12, 119-140.
Henry Hooke, S. (n.d.) Middle Eastern Mythology. (A. A. Bahrami & F. Mojdehpour, Trans.). Tehran: Roshangaran. [in Persian]
Karbalaei Sadegh, M. & Rabi’poor, M. (2022). Investigating the conceptual confrontations of happiness and fear in adolescent literature in Persian and Spanish languages: cognitive approach. quarterly Journal of Language Related Research, 1. 493-523. [in Persian]
kovecses, Z. (2014). Metaphor: A practical introduction. (S. Pourebrahim, Trans.). Tehran: Samt.
Likoff, G. & Johnson, M. (2018). Metaphors we live by. (H. Agha Ebrahimi, Trans.). Tehran: Elm. [in Persian]
Lyons, J. (2012). Language and linguistic: An introduction. (K. Safavi, Trans.). Tehran: Nashr e’lmi. [in Persian]
Molavi, J. (2007). Kolliat-e- Shams, (B. Z. Forouzanfar, Ed.). Tehran: Hermes. [in Persian]
Molavi, J. (2017). Masnavi Ma’navi (Vol. 1) (M. A. Movahhed, Ed.). Tehran: Hermes. [in Persian]
Safavi, K. (2013). Introduction to semantics. Tehran: Surah Mehr. [in Persian]
Safavi, K & Ramadankhani, M. (2018).  Formalization of the conceptual relationship of semantic opposition at the word level in terms of mathematical linguistics. Scientific-research quarterly Journal of Linguistics of university of Alzahra, 29. 193- 217. [in Persian]
Sagharvanian, J. (1982). Semantic conflict. Dictionary of linguistic terms. Mashhad: Nama. [in Persian]
Sahabi, H & Others. (2021). Cognitive metaphors: the basis of fantasy in children's fairy tales (a case study of Samad Behrangi's stories). Journal of Narrative Literature, 3, 45-59. [in Persian]
Salimi, H. (2009). Using stories to develop thinking. Journal of Exceptional Education, 98 & 99, 36-44. [in Persian]
Sarhaddi, F & Mehraban, J. (2019). Investigating the binary oppositions in Nizami’s romantic Masnavis of Leili and Majnoon and Khosrow and Shirin. Journal of Literary aesthetics, 44, 1-38. [in Persian]
Sha’iri, H. (2017). The basics modern semantics. Tehran: Samt. [in Persian]
Shamisa, S. (1998). Persian literature references (Vol. 1). Tehran: Ferdous. [in Persian]
Shamisa, S. (2021). Mythology and myths. Tehran: Hermes. [in Persian]
Sheykhrezaei, H. (2009). Ethics, metaphor and play. Scientific-research quarterly Journal of Methodology of humanities, 61. 143-168. [in Persian]
Salahi, A & Nabizadeh Ardebili, N. (2020). The conceptual metaphor of tastes in children's poetries. Biannual Journal of Zabanshenakht, 2, 1-22. [in Persian]
Sojudi, F. & Ghanbari, Z. (2012). Semantic investigation of the metaphor of time in children's stories in Persian language (age groups "A", "B" and "C"). Journal of Literary Criticism, 19, 153- 156. [in Persian]
Taqdis, S. (2017). A shadow that had no head, no tail, and no body. Tehran: Peydayesh. [in Persian]
Taqdis, S. (2008). At the deep bottom of the well. Tehran: Soroush. [in Persian]
Zaheri Abdevand, E. (2021). Personalization of nature in children's poetry based on Likoff and Johnson's point of view. Journal of Children’s Literature Studies, 2, 207-232. [in Persian]