Criticism of the Adolescent Novel “This Blog Will be Ceded" Based on the Principles of Lakanian Criticism
 
Abstract
Lacanian criticism is a branch of contemporary literary criticism that examines the process of subjectivity in the individual. The ideas of this branch of criticism come from the thoughts of Jacques Lakan, the renowned French psychologist Lakan considers the process of individuality to pass from the imaginary to the symbolic. In the imaginary stage, the child that cannot distinguish between objective and subjective does not differentiate himself or herself from the other. After the transition from infancy, the imaginary union of the child and the mother disappears upon the arrival of the father and the child enters the symbolic period. At the symbolic stage, the father and his law dominate. By acquiring language and internalizing many social rules, the child gains living Conditions in the symbolic stage. But, he can never be safe from the rush of sweet memories of the imaginary stage. Farhad Hassanzadeh, a well-known author of children's and adolescent literature, ‌ in the novel " This blog will be ceded " ‌, ‌ tells the story of a teenage boy named "Zal" whose absence of parents has had a profound psychological effect on his life. The two factors of mother's absence in childhood and father's departure in early adolescence play an important role in shaping Zal's psychological structure. Influenced by these two events, Zal has problems that have led him to a certain type of life. The presence of symptoms such as a strong desire to return to the imaginary union with the mother, turning to the substitute objects of maternal desire, and also wandering among the various objects of desire, shows that Lacan's approach is the best model through which the psychological characteristics of this character can be analyzed.
Method
This research has been done by descriptive content analysis method and in it, an attempt has been made to, according to Jacques Lacan's ideas in the fields of individuality process, imaginary realm, symbolic realm and father's name, the novel "This blog will be ceded" ‌ Farhad Hassanzadeh to be analyzed. In the method of content analysis, the main emphasis is on finding and presenting hidden messages in the text, and since the present study is writing to validate and expand the framework of Jacques Lacan's theory, it is of the directional content analysis method.
Discussion
According to Lacan, in the Oedipal period, the child, realizing the mother's desire for the father, tries to maintain a bond of solidarity with his mother, which he experienced in the pre-Oedipal period, by imitating what the mother likes. According to Lacan, the mother, who is the center of the child's demands in infancy, becomes the central nucleus in the child's psyche, whose presence or absence can disrupt the child's psyche. In the story "This blog is ceded", the main character does not have a mother and has nothing in mind except fading memories.
With the transition of the child from the imaginary realm to the symbolic realm, the imaginary bond between the child and the mother breaks and this issue eliminates the mother in the symbolic system; therefore, the subject tries to replace the lack of objects. In the symbolic realm, Zal replaces Ms. Turan with her mother. In different parts of the story, the reader can feel this. Whenever Zal talks about Turan, the desire to return to the feeling of wholeness and oneness of the imaginary realm arises in the mind. Zal's constant and unwanted attractions towards Turan's house, where the possibility of experiencing pre-Oedipal relaxation is represented, shows in story in different situations.
However, as Jacques Lacan says, after the subject enters the symbolic realm, it is impossible to return to the imaginary realm. The lack of this impossibility is only filled by some objects, which Lacan calls small objects a. The most important object of Zal that covers the feeling of absence in her is Fariba, the daughter of Turan and Zal's lover.
Both Fariba and Turan and even the character of Reza tailor are motherly symbols for Zal, which reminds her of the tranquility of the imaginary realm. That is why in Zal's mind, Fariba joins Turankhanum. According to the characteristics, we see of her, Fariba fits into Lacan's proposed system of small )a( object, but in Zal's fantasies, when there is no more step left than death and the rupture of the symbolic realm, Fariba remembers the main symbol of her mother's desire, Turankhanum. Zal cannot return to the realm of imaginary union with the mother; but it can restore that lost alliance with mother replacements.
In addition to maternal symbols, Lacan also considers the subject of the small (a) object to be one of the main refuge of subjects in the symbolic realm. According to the evidence in the text, Zal cannot remain in the symbolic realm and is constantly seeking to escape from this realm. He cannot tolerate the homelessness of the symbolic realm and on the other hand, he cannot escape it. Paying attention to various objects of desire (small a), such as Fariba, Tuba (Fariba parrot) and, most importantly, the key group, each of which is a symbol of longing for the mother, are some of her attempts to escape the symbolic realm, but none of them succeed.
In addition, in Lacan's model, the symbolic field of domination space of multiple signs has no meaning. The subject in this space cannot reach the signified and is only engaged in signs. Only the name of the father as the regulator of social law can free the subject from confusion between signs. Just as the subject first acquired a unified image in the age of the mirror, it is possible to achieve wholeness and unity in the symbolic realm by seeing oneself in the mirror of society. The father's name symbolically regulates social law. A child who survives the oedipal period symbolically imitates the father, and social rules and conscience are the result of the internalization of the father's character. It goes without saying that if this period of assimilation with the father is not done properly, the person will not have a stable personality and the constant hesitation resulting from this shortcoming will delay the process of identification in him. Since the father's name is a node that ends the permanent suspension of meaningless signals, his existence is considered a basic condition for stabilizing the character. Therefore, the faltering identity of Zal can be attributed to the absence of a father in his life.
Result
"Zal" is the protagonist of the story "This blog will be ceded", a child who is deprived of his parents. His mother was lost when he was a child, and his father left him to another person and suffered a vague fate. The loss of the mother, whose vague memories are in the corner of her mind, causes her to repeatedly throw herself from the symbolic to the imaginary tranquility of the imaginary realm with the aim of repeating sweet experiences. Zal also covers the absence of the mother in the symbolic realm by substituting maternal objects. Ms. Turan is the main maternal object for her; but besides this character, there are other characters such as Fariba and Reza Khayat who mix in Zal's mind with the character of Turan from the perspective of representing the peace of the lost mother. The consequence of the absence of the father also causes the permanent suspension of Zal among the multiple signs in the symbolic realm.
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