Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor in Persian Language and Literature,, Alzahra University, Tehran,, Iran

2 MA in Persian Language and Literature, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Narrative is not merely a diverse array of literary genres; it is a fundamental human impulse to both tell and hear stories. This is a universal characteristic of all narratives, irrespective of their unique style, voice, or plot: someone says something to another individual about something. Therefore, there is consistently a speaker, a narrative, and a listener. The narrator is assisted by the audience of the narrative, who are referred to as narratees, in providing the narrative with a more precise framework. Additionally, the narrative’s themes are underscored by the narratee’s presence.The signs of the presence of the narrator are more evident and numerous than those of the narratee; however, the presence of the narratee become evident when the narrator pauses the representation and reports details that are well-known to them but are unknown to the reader. In numerous narratives, there are clear signs and elements that enable us to trace the narratee.
 
 

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